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Bezenšek Shorthand is a shorthand system, used for rapidly recording Bulgarian speech. The system was invented by the Slovene linguist Anton Bezenšek c. 1879. It is based on the Gabelsberger shorthand (used for German), so it is often referred to as the Gabelsberger–Bezenšek Shorthand. (More precisely, Bezenšek Shorthand is based on a system by Heger — one of Gabelsberger's students, who adapted the system for the Czech language.) == Overview == Bezenšek Shorthand has features of a phonetic system, though Bulgarian writing almost identically represents the sounds in speech. It is acceptable to replace certain closely related sounds with each other, for the sake of simplicity and speed, e. g. ''s'' for ''z'', ''e'' for ''ya'', ''svo'' for ''stvo'', etc. The system is not an alphabetic one, but closer to a syllabic one, though many syllables are normally skipped. Vowels are usually not recorded as separate strokes, but are ''marked'' via modifying the preceding or following consonant, similarly to an abugida. The shorthand's form is based on borrowings from natural ''longhand'', as opposed to geometric or elliptical systems, such as Gregg and Pitman. The strokes are distinguishable by size, proportion, position (three of them: above, below, or on the base line), and shading (variation of thickness of strokes). Shading, normally used for marking an /a/ vowel, is nowadays difficult to achieve with a ballpoint pen, but at the time of invention was convenient for marking, using the then-ubiquitous pencils. Nevertheless, ambiguity is close to none, even when thickness is not marked, because words are easily recognizable from the context. Several letters can be written in two different ways: * The pairs of strokes for Ее , Фф , and Тт can be used interchangeably. * The first stroke for Зз , Цц , and Уу is used only in the beginning of a word. * The second stroke for Вв and Шш can be used only in the end of a word. * Both stroke for Аа can be used for an isolated (possibly an abbreviation) , but only the second sign is used as part of a word. Note, that /a/ is normally marked by shading of the preceding consonant. * One of connecting lines of Аа or Лл may be omitted when part of a word. Йй and Ьь represent the same sound , so they share the same stroke. The system has a set of compulsory abbreviations, called ''sigli'' ((ブルガリア語:сигли); singular: , ''sigla''), and recommends rules for forming free abbreviations. Punctuation consists only of a period, written as a small horizontal segment on the base line, because the dot, comma, question mark, exclamation mark, and others, have special meaning and could be confused with words. Colons and double quotes are acceptable, especially for beginners. Digits are similar to the Arabic numerals, except for 5 and 7, which can be written without a horizontal bar; also, special notation is normally applied for hundreds, thousands, and millions. Abbreviation of whole phrases into a single connected sequence of strokes is allowed and encouraged. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bezenšek Shorthand」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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